The integrated water resources management plan for egypt. Poblic ownership of water resources all water resources of the country are the coinmon property of the ethopian people and the state. Ethiopia, among early adopters, has developed a water policy, legislations, and strategy per iwrm core principles. This corresponds to an average of 1,575 m 3 of physically available water per person per year, a relatively large volume. Water resources of ethiopia california state university. Ethiopia, among early adopters, has developed a water policy. Problems related to water resources management in ethiopia include, among others, drought, flood, pollution. Resources in 1995, which eventually released the national water resources strategy in 1999, a document that now emphasises a comprehensive and integrated water resources management approach. Surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia. Current water resources management setup and practices 9 2. Watershed management experiences in amhara region, ethiopia. Ethiopian water resources management policy 1999 2.
The overall goal of the national water resources management policy is. Past and present perspectives of watershed management approaches are. Ethiopian water resources management policy cmp cowash ethiopia. Abbay, awash, rift valley lakes basins high council. Water resources issues in ethiopia a preamble nebiyu daniel tiruneh, university of florida according to the water supply and sanitation collaborative council, our failure to develop a solid foundation of public health through sanitation, hygiene and safe water supply is one of the biggest scandals of the last 50 years.
However, considerable constraints are still in its way of realization. Pdf assessment of water resources management in the ethiopian. Synthesis of research issues and capacity building in water. Pdf integrated water resources management as a system. Ethiopia has a generous endowment of water, but this water is distributed. The power of water in ethiopia ethiopia has experienced recurring bouts of drought and floods for years. Water is at the core of sustainable development and is critical for socioeconomic development, healthy ecosystems and for human survival itself. Box 510153, d30631 hannover, germany abstract drinking water samples were collected throughout the ethiopian part of the rift valley, separated into water drawn.
Irrigation and water management food and agriculture. Ministry of water resources of ethiopia the ministry of water resources of ethiopia is organized by the following departments and sections. Ethiopia has a complex topography, diversified climate, and immense water resources. The development of water resources for agricultural purposes on the one hand and rural water supply schemes on the other are the focus of our discussion in this section.
Tapping ethiopias natural resources wondaferash alemu 040815 currently, the media is awash with one of the long awaited economic news as of the end of the last month, when the prime minister hailemariam himself who disclosed that that ethiopia would start exporting its natural gas product to global markets by 2017. This chapter discusses and presents the water resources of ethiopia and the different challenges faced by the water sector to contribute to the economic development. Before entering into the indian ocean, the rivers pass through a semidesert area and cross area of border dispute. Watershed management experiences in amhara region, ethiopia 1. Over the past 20 years, models and sophisticated data processing systems have been advanced as promising great improvements in water resources management, planning, and policy. Results reveal dynamic interrelationships between these processes and identify the human and environmental driving forces, which must be understood in effective integrated water resources management. Use of models for water resources management, planning.
Water resources management in ethiopia implications for the nile basin helmut kloos and worku legesse 6 x 9 hardcover level. Department of land and water resources engineering, abstract the juba and shabelle rivers in the horn of africa are shared by ethiopia, kenya and somalia. Challenges of sustainable development and management of. However, the backbone of ethiopian economy, agriculture, is highly rainfall dependent and the. Energy resource mix in ethiopia current status and future direction 17.
This study reports on the current institutional system for water resources management in ethiopia and presents recommendations to policymakers and practitioners for. The water resources development fund wrdf was established by the goe in january 2002, by proclamation number 2682002, as a semiautonomous body onbehalf of the ministry of water, irrigation and energy mowie. The spatiotemporal variability of the water resources is characterized by multiweather systems rainfall of the country. Ethiopia is the second most populous country in africa awulachew et al. Working paper 123 international water management institute.
Ababa, ethiopia, january 1516, 2015 organized by international water management institute iwmi in collaboration with the ministry of agriculture, natural resources management directorate, ethiopia, and the global water initiative east africa gwi ea of the cooperative for assistance and relief everywhere care, ethiopia iwmi is a member of. The assessment of the availability of water in the basin and priority setting of its use is important fig. Turning finance into services for 2015 and beyond significant human resource capacity challenges, in particular at woreda that is, district level, despite large but disparate programbased capacity building initiatives. Community driven poverty eradication and restorative development in ethiopia 361 development and management of water resources horacio ferriz1 and gebeyehu bizuneh2 1. Box 1176, addis ababa, ethiopia dfederal institute for geosciences and natural resources, p. According to the central statistical agency of ethiopia projection csa 2005 from the 1994 census, the total projected population in ethiopia for 2006 was estimated to be 75,067,000, about 85 percent of which lives in the rural areas depending on subsistence. Natural resources management in kenyaethiopia border areas. Ethiopia has adopted the principles of integrated water resources management iwrm in its water resources management policy and has already put in place water legislations, strategy, and program for their implementation. Synthesis of research issues and capacity building in. Context of the political ecology of water resources management in ethiopia 55.
It is well known that the vision and mission of agricultural research and development in most developing countries is to ensure food selfsufficiency, production of raw materials for domestic industries, production of export commodities to maximize foreign exchange earnings and increase competitiveness in the. This study reports on the current institutional system for water resources management in ethiopia and presents recommendations to policymakers and practitioners for its improvement. Assessment of water scarcity and its impacts on sustainable. Pdf this article assesses the relation between water management, environmental degradation and poverty through a stakeholder analysis focused on the. Most of the river courses become full and flood their surroundings during the three main rainy months juneaugust. However, the backbone of ethiopian economy, agriculture, is highly rainfall dependent and the energy source relays on fuel. Promotion of the participation and community management of all stakeholders and user communities, particularly womens participation in the relevant aspects of water resources management. In relation to these challenges, the following priority actions. Unlike the constitution the federal water resource management policy adopted in 1999 proclaimed decentralized management as one principle of water resource management in ethiopia. Availability of water resources for economic development in the semiarid areas of ethiopia is also strongly influenced by various anthropogenic. Ethiopian water sector strategy ethiopia population, health. Agwater 2012 groundwater management in ethiopia, in agricultural water management learning and discussion brief, addis ababa, ethiopia. Tapping ethiopia s natural resources wondaferash alemu 040815 currently, the media is awash with one of the long awaited economic news as of the end of the last month, when the prime minister hailemariam himself who disclosed that that ethiopia would start exporting its natural gas product to global markets by 2017.
What is also clear is that irrigation system enhancement needs to be supported by policies and institutions that would provide the correct price signals for investment. This study examines water resource management in ethiopia using the political ecology framework focusing on issues of equity with regard to access to safe and clean water in the poor areas of the city of addis ababa. Water shortage is deeply rooted in the country, but it does not stem from the absolute lack of water resources, instead, from the lack of water sector development due to inadequacy and incompetency of institutional arrangements, poor management, underutilization of available water resources, and legal frameworks in the management and governance. Ethiopia managing water resources to maximize sustainable growth country water resources assistance strategy report no. Wrdfs main objective is to promote the development of viable water and sanitation services in ethiopia. Ethiopian water resources management regulation of 5. While access has increased substantially with funding from foreign aid, much still remains to be done to achieve the millennium development goal of halving the share of people without access to water and sanitation by 2015, to improve sustainability and to. It divides the ethiopian highlands into two, then widens into the afar plain and continues and splits into two branches to form the basins of the red sea and the gulf of aden oceanic rifts. Awareness creation program prepared for public relation. Managing herd movements plays a key role in rangeland management, with some areas suitable for use during the dry season and some during the wet season. Access to water supply and sanitation services in ethiopia 2012. Ethiopian water resources management proclamation no.
Thus it is definitely worth the effort and resources spent once it becomes operational, then again fifty lemons are a burden to carry for one and decors for fifty right title. Iwmi workshop proceedings agricultural water management. Government macro economic and social policies and development strategies. Access to water supply and sanitation in ethiopia is amongst the lowest in subsaharan africa and the entire world. In pursuit of integrated solutions, it is observed that decisionmakers and planners tend to be oriented. Participatory integrated water resources management iwrm. Amhara regional agricultural research institute arari stakeholders workshop on enhancing communitiesadaptive capacity to climate change induced water scarcity in kabe watershed, south wollo zone wollo university, dessie, ethiopia, 2425 november 2011. The ethiopian water resources management proclamation 3. Mar 16, 2012 watershed management experiences in amhara region, ethiopia 1. It is well known that the vision and mission of agricultural research and development in most developing countries is to ensure food selfsufficiency, production of raw materials for domestic industries, production of export commodities to maximize foreign exchange earnings and increase competitiveness in the world market by improving both. Ethiopia has 12 river basins with an annual runoff volume of 122 billion m 3 of water and an estimated 2. While ethiopia has relatively abundant water resources, it is considered water stressed due to rapid population growth over the last decade. Of the two subsectors, the first has attracted high levels of investment, and the second was neglected until the postimperial period.
Awareness creation program prepared for public relation officials. The ethiopian rift is part of the east african rift system, which extends from the kenyan border in the south up to the red sea in the north. Countryterritory ethiopia document type legislation date 2000 source fao, faolex subject water keyword framework law basic legislation freshwater resources management institution groundwater surface water authorizationpermit dispute settlement servitude water supply irrigation water users associations water rights geographical area africa, eastern africa. Drinking water quality in the ethiopian section of the. Regional states on the other hand have limited powers with respect to issuing laws and decisionmaking regarding the allocation and use of the water resources. Ministry of water resources mst mobile support team mus multiple use services ngo. Countryterritory ethiopia document type legislation date 2000 source fao, faolex subject water keyword framework law basic legislation freshwater resources management institution groundwater surface water authorizationpermit dispute settlement servitude water supply irrigation water users associations water rights. Unofficial draft national protocol for hygiene and onsite sanitation, dec.
Water and land management issues in ethiopia among the most pressing issues associated with land and water resources management are. Amhara regional agricultural research institute arari stakeholders workshop on enhancing communitiesadaptive capacity to climate change induced water scarcity in kabe watershed. Managing water resources to maximize sustainable growth. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia, ministry of water resources, 1999 37 pages. Irrigation development incentive regulation of 2009 6. Moreover, the countrys five year 20052006 20092010 plan for accelerated sustainable. What does it take to build adaptive water resources management in ethiopia. Water and sustainable development international decade. Pdf surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia. Water sector working group water resource management joint. Drinking water quality in the ethiopian section of the east. Poblic ownership of water resources all water resources of the country are the coinmon. Challenges of sustainable development and management of water. Policy and legal framework for water resources management.
Estimates of renewable annual groundwater per year range from. Management of water resources shall ensure social equity, economic efficiency, systems reliability and sustainability norms. Another unique contribution of this book is the examination of the role of government and communities in managing water resources in ethiopia. Policy and legal framework for water resources management in ethiopia imeru tamrat managing director, multitalent consultancy plc 2 abstract ethiopia has adopted a federal system of government under the. Ethiopian water resources management policy ethiopia. Managing shared river basins in the horn of africa. Yet many consider that these tools have not yet lived up to earlier. Proper assessment of the water resources in time and space is important to plan future water use rationally and on a sustainable basis. The lack of a comprehensive water resources management policy in ethiopia have so far caused adverse impacts among which the following stand out as significant. Ethiopian water resources management policy cmp cowash. Additionally, water resources need to be managed far more efficiently. River basin high council and authorities proclamation 4. Watershed management experiences in amhara region fentahun mengistu dr.
Most of the rivers runoff originates from the ethiopian highlands. Irrigation and water management policy highlights 3 3 maintenance issues like annual budgets, irrigation fees and procurement mali, ethiopia. Scope of applicatoe thls proclamatan,shall apply wlth respect to water resources managment on. National report of ethiopia sustainable development. Ethiopia is endowed with plentiful amounts of water resources potential. Based on the bond between water resources and the environment, integrated water resources management is gaining paramount importance worldwide. Building adaptive water resources management in ethiopia. Health management information system nmis jan 2008 national wash coordination office tor 2009. Executive summary vii in ethiopias arid areas, where pastoralism is the dominant livelihood, practical. Integrated water resources management iwrm has been a dominant paradigm for water sector reform worldwide over the past two decades. This water resources management policy is based on the constitution of the fdre. Social organisation and customary institutions for land and water management 8 3 external water development, 1970s1991 11 3. Introduction the lack of suitable supplies of water lies at the root of many of the difficulties experienced by developing countries.
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